| 翻訳と辞書 |
| Cleveland Cripple Survey ： ウィキペディア英語版 |
Cleveland Cripple Survey
The ''Cleveland Cripple Survey'' or ''Survey of Cripples in Cleveland'' was a survey done in Cleveland, Ohio first published in 1918 report by the Welfare Federation of Cleveland entitled: "''Education and Occupations of cripples Juvenile and Adults: A Survey of All Cripples of Cleveland, Ohio, 1916''". The two reporters/authors for this Survey and report were Lucy Wright and Amy M. Hamburger. This survey is often credited as being one of the first accurate disability censuses, that measured the social and economic conditions of individuals considered.
==Purpose and context==
Many reports regarding this survey state that the purpose of the survey was to reveal the needs, constraints, and general conditions of the handicapped community within Cleveland. It was also revealed that the basis of the survey, which began its works in 1915, was formulated around various questions, one of which was: “What, then does the cripple want?”.〔Welfare Federation of Cleveland. ''Education and Occupations of Cripples Juvenile and Adult: A Survey of All the Cripples of Cleveland, Ohio, in 1916.'' New York: The RedCross Institute for Crippled and Disabled Men, 1918, p. 13〕 From this question the two authors undertook this project with aspiration to not only discover the true nature and size of the problems disabled individuals within the community faced but also to create feasible community based plan that would: “promote the welfare of cripples”.〔Welfare Federation of Cleveland."Education and Occupations of Cripples Juvenile and Adult: A Survey of All the Cripples of Cleveland, Ohio, in 1916." New York: The RedCross Institute for Crippled and Disabled Men, 1918, p. 9〕
Within the survey, a “cripple" is defined “as a person whose muscular movements are so far restricted by congenital defect, results of disease or accidents as to affect his capacity for self-support.”.〔Welfare Federation of Cleveland. ''Education and Occupations of Cripples Juvenile and Adult: A Survey of All the Cripples of Cleveland, Ohio, in 1916''. New York: The RedCross Institute for Crippled and Disabled Men, 1918, p. 12〕 Individuals classified as blind or with cardiac problem were excluded from this definition.
The Cleveland area was chosen as the sample for this survey due to the fact that it provided a booming industrial community that was majorly affected by two historical events. The first event was the early implementations of Workmen’s Compensation and Employer’s Liability Act. Handicapped workers during this time period often faced discrimination by employers that often feared that hiring handicapped laborers would increase their insurance rates and increase their own liability for providing workers compensation benefits.〔Welfare Federation of Cleveland. ''Education and Occupations of Cripples Juvenile and Adult: A Survey of All the Cripples of Cleveland, Ohio,"in 1916.'' New York: The RedCross Institute for Crippled and Disabled Men, 1918, p. 15.〕 The next historical event was the early spread of Poliomyelitis or the Polio Virus, which in densely populated cities such as Cleveland was rapidly infecting numerous laborers children, thus creating adding to the number of handicapped individuals. Wounded Veterans returning from WWI also added to these newly classified handicapped individuals. Because of this rapid increase of disabled individuals the survey uncovered over 60 percent of individuals they deemed crippled by their definition were in fact not documented as so by their local ordinances.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
■ウィキペディアで「Cleveland Cripple Survey」の詳細全文を読む
スポンサード リンク
| 翻訳と辞書 : 翻訳のためのインターネットリソース |
Copyright(C) kotoba.ne.jp 1997-2016. All Rights Reserved.
|
|